Marx and Engels’ Interpretation of Ideology from Multiple Perspectives

意识形态的解释, 是马克思主义的重大命题。马克思恩格斯在创建历史唯物主义 的科学探索中, 在对德国为代表的整个资本主义社会文化的批判中, 始终将意识形 态问题的唯物主义究诘作为与唯心主义斗争的焦点。他们执守 “人们的社会存在决定 人们的意识” 这一根本思想原则, 从经济生活、政治生活、精神生活的相互联系界说 意识形态的反应机制和社会功能; 从社会意识与社会主体互生成、互规定的关系界说 意识形态的主体性机制和阶级属性; 从社会意识的存在样式及其知、行关系界说意识 形态的认识特征和实践性品格。由此, 构建了解释意识形态现象的三大向度与九个视 角, 阐明了理解意识形态的思想原理和科学方法。 关键词: 意识形态 解释视角 学理分析 The issue of ideology is a very important proposition in Marxist theory. In the course of their scientific exploration to establish historical materialism and in their critique of the whole of capitalist society and culture, as represented by Germany, Marx and Engels always treated materialist inquiries into ideological issues as the focus of their struggle with idealism. By adhering to the fundamental intellectual principle that man’s social being determines his social consciousness, they defined ideology’s reactive mechanism and social function in terms of the interrelationship of economic, political and mental life; defined its subjective mechanism and class attributes in terms of the mutuall...