Non-equilibrium cooling regulating vitrification and crystallization of Canasite-A glass-ceramics from high sodium solar silicon waste slag

Abstract This work provides an effective method for realizing both resource utilization and high-value utilization of bulk industrial solid waste. The influence of non-equilibrium cooling rates on the internal energy and amorphous structure of the precursor glass is studied to clarify the nucleation process of various crystals. A new method is proposed to control the glass formation and crystal growth process by using the cooling rate of the high-temperature melt. Research results show that the crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc) of the precursor glass decreases with decreasing cooling rates, and the NBO/T gradually decreases. When the non-equilibrium cooling rate is (k) > 10 °C/min, ΔHc is ≥ 157.05 kJ/mol and NBO/T increases to 1.09. Additionally, the glass network structure is unstable and mainly consists of Q4 structural units, which promote canasite-A crystal nucleation. The Cxonotlite:Ccanasite-A ratio increases from 1:1 to 1:5, and the crystallinity increases by 25.49%. The flexural strength of the silicon slag glass-ceramics also increases by 59.19%.