CD95 Signaling Induces EMT in Colon Cancer Cells

G A A b st ra ct s anesthesia, a fibre-optic manometry catheter (90 recording sites @ 1cm intervals) was positioned colonoscopically, with the tip clipped to the caecum to prevent displacement. A four-electrode tined lead was implanted in 3 patients and a single electrode (Medtronic, Sydney) in one patient, into the S3 sacral nerve foramin and correct placement confirmed by intra-operative xray and nerve stimulation eliciting pelvic floor contraction. After a 2hr basal recording in the fasted state, in a single-blind randomized fashion patients had either sham stimulation or supra-sensory stimulation (14Hz; 300msec). Data are expressed as mean deltas (i.e. stimulation frequency basal frequency) Results: First we examined the change in frequency of antegrade and retrograde PSs throughout the entire colon during the sham and SNS stimulation. In comparison to sham stimulation, SNS increased the frequency of both antegrade (sham; -2.0 ± 5.5 vs SNS; 9.7 ± 16 PS/2hr) and retrograde (sham; 3.3 ± 6.8 vs SNS; 18 ± 9.1 PS/2hr) propagating sequences. We then looked specifically for changes in the frequency of PSs in the left colon (descending colon and sigmoid), and in comparison to sham stimulation SNS resulted in an increase in the frequency of retrograde PSs (sham; -3 ± 5.6 vs SNS 23 ± 3.6 PS/hr). Conclusion: Sacral nerve stimulation increases both antegrade and retrograde propagating sequences in patients with fecal incontinence. Of potential interest is the increase in retrograde PSs in the distal colon. These data suggest that onemode of action for SNS improving continence is through the alteration of colonic motility.