Notice of Retraction Particle swarm optimization and application to valve dynamic characteristics optimization

Due to the nonlinear relationship between the valve dynamic characteristics with the influence factors, the particle swarm optimization is investigated for valve dynamic characteristics optimization problem. Based on the mass-spring-dashpot system kinetic equation and pneumatic system kinetic equation, the non-return valve is investigated with various optimization objectives. The result demonstrates that the particle swarm optimization method is efficient for the optimization problem.