Physiological and Ultrastructural Changes in Alpine Plants Exposed to High Levels of UV and Ozone

Alpine and polar plants resist a variety of unfavourable conditions such as short vegetation periods, rapid changes in temperature and weather conditions, and often high irradiation. These environmental conditions, especially for the European alpine situation, are addressed in the first three chapters of this book. Additional growth site characterizations can be found in Amils et al. (2007), Blumthaler (2007), Crawford (2008), Huiskes et al. (2003), Korner (2003), Korner and Larcher (1988), Larcher and Wagner (2009), Nagy and Grabherr (2009).