High Risk Factors and Angiographic Investigation among Indian Women with Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is globally considered as the leading cause of death with 80% of CVD related deaths being reported from low and middle income countries like India. Several emerging risk factors are being involved in its increasing prevalence due to lack of proper screening, evaluation and management. Indian women are less likely to be referred for coronary angiogram or revascularization procedures. Even after underlying procedures like angioplasty or bypass grafts, the women have poorer outcome, when compared to their male counterparts. Aim of the study: To assess the risk factor and angiographic profile of coronary artery disease in Indian women. Methodology: Indian women patients having CAD were screened based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Coronary angiography was performed and all risk factors were analyzed and correlated with the severity and extend of the lesion. Results: Among 106 females, 81 (76%, age: 55±14 years) were postmenopausal. DM, HTN, Dyslipidemia, family history of CAD and past history of MI was present in 27, 58, 28, 33 and 17 patients respectively. TMT was positive in 70 (66%) patients. Clustering of risk factors like DM, HTN, Dyslipidemia particularly low HDL occur commonly in women. Single vessel disease is more common particularly involvement of LAD. Conclusion: Highest group of women was found to be postmenopausal. HTN, DM, HDL and dyslipidemia were most commonly associated risk factors among Indian women with CVD. Most of the patient (>50%) had coronary stenosis and SVD were most commonly involved with increased LAD lesion