Trastorno del espectro de la neuromielitis óptica

Devic's Syndrome, known as Optic Neuromyelitis Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), is considered an inflammatory, demyelinating and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that mainly affects the optic nerves, the optic chiasm and the spinal cord. Although the said syndrome can sometimes simulate multiple sclerosis (MS), nowadays there are imagining, immunological and pathological aspects that allow to establish the differences between these two entities. In the present paper, the case an older adult woman with a history of Sjogren's syndrome in ambulatory care with corticosteroid and azathioprine, who is admitted for a month and a half of evolution consisting of dysesthesias of predominance in the lower limbs, ambulation impairment and visual compromise is presented . In view of the neurological compromise, it was decided to perform diagnostic imaging and immunological profile. The imaging suggested a report of cervical and thoracic MRI with contrast with evidence of multifocal myelitis due to cervical and thoracic involvement at the level of C4 and T7-T8, with a report of serum autoantibodies directed against the positive aquaporic channel (AQP4). All of the above is consistent with the diagnosis of Devic Syndrome or NMOSD. Treatment was implemented through methylprednisolone pulses alternated with plasmapheresis. Five sessions of the said treatment were completed. Given the persistence of the clinical picture, treatment with rituximab was initiated resulting in partial improvement of the symptoms. The clinical and imaging evolution of this case is also discussed, as well as breakingthrough advances in its diagnosis and management.