White organic light-emitting diodes for emotion solid-state lighting.

The authors have demonstrated white organic light-emitting diodes for emotion solid-state lighting (ESSL) by using hole modulating layer (HML), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis-[4-(phenyl-m-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine and N,N'-bis-(1-naphyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4, 4'-diamine, and mixed spacer (MS), 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine and {9,9-dimethyl-7-[10-(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl]-9H-fluoren-2-yl}triphenylsilane, respectively. The HML and MS were used for unbalance of holes and electrons. The ESSL showed various white light chromaticities of Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates from (0.46,0.42) as warm white emission to (0.29, 0.36) as cold white emission.