Клініко-гематологічні показники за інтерферонотерапії гострих респіраторних захворювань у телят

Mixed respiratory infections in young cattle is a major cause of economic losses in cattle farming. The existing specific prevention and etiotropic treatment measures do not provide radically solving the existing problems. Activation of interferon system is genetically determined reaction to viral infection. A disturbance of interferon formation caused by insufficient interferon indicating activity of virulent strains of pneumotrophic virus ocuurs in the pathogenesis of ARI diseases which indicates the feasibility of prescribing interferon or its inducers under acute respiratory diseases in calves. Three groups of calves, 10 animals each, were formed to study the influence of IFN. The first group included clinically healthy animals, the third and second ones included animals with clinical features of ARI. The latter were treated according to the farm general scheme of antibiotic intramuscular injection (pharmazyn – 50.1 ml / 10 kg of body weight once a day for 7 days). In addition, the calves of the third group were treated orally with diaferon. It is shown that the inclusion of oral treatments with human recombinant interferon (Diaferon–B) at a dose of 1 IU / kg once a day for 3 days into the basic antibiotic therapy of sick animals accelerates the regression of the disease clinical manifestations. The therapeutic effect was combined with the haematological parameters restoration: hemoglobin and red blood cells content normalization and the increase in leukocytes phagocytic activity and serum bactericidal activity. A decrease in body temperature, heart rate and respiration movements were observed in the sick animals by the end of the experiment. Thus, in the sick animals receiving the basic therapy the body temperature dropped by 1.04 times (p<0.05); the heart rate – by 1.4 times (p<0.01), and the frequency of respiration movements – by 1.6 times (p<0.01) respectively. At the same time, in the animals additionally treated with interferon, the body temperature decreased by 1.05 times (p<0.01); heart rate – by 1.6 times (p<0.001); the frequency of respiratory movements by 1.6 (p<0.01). The results indicate a faster regression of clinical manifestation in calves treated with interferon. Regression of the disease clinical manifestations in calves on the background of standard treatment supplemented with interferon was accompanied with haematological parameters restoration. At the beginning of the experiment hemoglobin and red blood cells content in sock calves was higher than those in clinically healthy animals. Hemoglobin content and erythrocytes number decreased in the course of treatment and the process was more active under interferon treatment. Decrease in inflammatory processes in respiratory organs of calves occurred against the background of white blood cells number decrease. In the final period (10th day) the amount of these cells decreased significantly in groups 2 and 3 – by 16.5 % (p<0.01) and 16.7 % (p<0.01) respectively and amounted the control level. These changes in leukocitopoesis can be explained due to the decrease in the inflammation of the respiratory organs of sick animals. Studying the phagocytic activity of white blood cells and serum bactericidal activity revealed that the studied parameters decreased at the beginning of the experiment and grew in the course of the treatment. Thus, the application of human interferon in low dosis to the mucous membrane of the mouth in calves under ARI accelerates the regression of the clinical manifestations. Prescribing interferon in addition to the conventional regimen of ARI treatment in calf provides restoration of hematological parameters.