Particle approximation of the classical two-fluid model for superfluid 4He using smoothed particle hydrodynamics

This paper presents a finite particle approximation of the classical two-fluid model for liquid 4He. We propose to use smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a well-established Lagrangian particle method in astrophysics. The model parameters are confirmed to reproduce the phenomenological characteristics of superfluid 4He qualitatively. We have thus pioneered a new paradigm of the Lagrangian particle mechanics, which will hopefully stimulate further numerical studies of superfluids in condensed matter physics.