Antibiotic usage in the intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study on risk factors and outcomes of antibiotic resistance -

Background: Antibiotic resistance remains a major problem in the intensive care unit (ICU), and this study aimed to identify its risk factors and outcomes. Methodology: This was a retrospective single-centre cohort study involving 440 patients treated in the ICU between January 2017 and December 2019. Their medical records were reviewed to identify the risk factors and outcomes of antibiotic resistance. Results: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 22.3%. The odds for antibiotic resistance were increased 2.90 times with medical admission (Odds ratio [OR] 2.897; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.560, 5.379; P = 0.01) and 3.42 times with carbapenem usage (OR 3.418; 95% CI 1.790, 6.526; P