Chapter 20 – Photoautotrophic Micropropagation

Photoautotrophic (sugar-free medium) micropropagation was introduced more than 20 years ago and is still a developing technology with high potential. This chapter reviews the research and development on photoautotrophic micropropagation (PAM), focusing on features of the in vitro environment for promoting in vitro plant growth. First, the concept of PAM and methods of improving the in vitro environment for promoting photosynthesis and biomass accumulation are discussed. The beneficial effects of the absence of organic carbon sources in the culture medium and the application of different ventilated vessel types with natural ventilation as reported in several publications are outlined. Then, the use of large culture vessels with forced ventilation for commercial application is introduced. Finally, further opportunities for PAM are described.