Nucleation and Growth of PbSeO3, Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2, and Se on the PbSe Surfaces by Decomposing PbSe in Water

Abstract PbSe materials are widely researched and utilized in visible-infrared photodetectors, displays, transistors, thermoelectric devices, and photovoltaics. However, the instability of PbSe limits practical utilization. Understanding the decomposition mechanisms of PbSe enables the guiding of targeted design to improve its stability. Here, we studied the decomposition process of PbSe in water, which is exposed to air, by using ex-situ and semi in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron tomography reconstruction (ETR). We found that, besides water molecules, PbSe particles also react with O2 and CO2 that are adsorbed in water from the air. Pd3(CO3)2(OH)2, PbSeO3, and Se nucleate and grow on the surface of PbSe powders. This work provides an understanding of the mechanism of materials nucleation, growth, and decomposition. Furthermore, the findings can be potentially used as a reference to improve the stability and lifetime of PbSe devices.