Anorectal tuberculosis coexisting with adenocarcinoma: an unusual association

Introduction: Tuberculosis affecting the anorectum is an uncommon extra-pulmonary form of the disease, and its association with malignancy is highly unusual. Case report: A 35 year lady presented with lower gastrointestinal bleed, altered bowel habit and significant weight loss. On examination, she had nodular stricture in the lower rectum, with friable mucosa, bleeding easily on touch. With the diagnosis of carcinoma lower rectum, she underwent abdomino-perineal resection of the growth. The histopathological examination revealed carcinoma rectum with coexisting tuberculosis. Conclusion: The aetiological association between the tuberculosis and anorectal cancer is a matter of debate. However, the treating surgeon should be aware of this association, to avoid confusion and delay in the management.