Development of Rwanda's Future Energy Scenarios for Long-Term Investment and Planning

This paper supports the development of Rwanda's energy system and addresses gaps in existing energy data by proposing a set of Future Energy Scenarios (FES). The developed FES are used to estimate the energy consumption and generation capacity until 2050. They consider key social, political and economic factors, the diversity of energy generation technologies and their regional integration and they are based on the country's strategies in adopting low carbon technologies. Results for each FES are analyzed, with evidence supporting that reaching net-zero carbon emission targets by 2050 is achievable. However, such an outcome requires the retirement of fossil fuel-based power plants and an immediate adoption of electric vehicles in the transport system.