Subfemtosecond glory hologrammetry for vectorial optical waveform reconstruction

In this work, we propose a method to characterize the temporal structure of arbitrary optical laser pulses with low pulse energies. Our theory is based on strong-field photoelectron holography with the glory rescattering effect as the underlying mechanism in the near-forward direction. Utilizing the subfemtosecond glory rescattering process as a fast temporal gate to sample the unknown light pulse, the time-dependent vectorial electric field can be retrieved from the streaking photoelectron momentum spectra. Our method avoids the challenging task of generation or manipulation of attosecond pulses and signifies important progress in arbitrary optical waveform characterization.