Effects of hormone therapy in patients who underwent male-to-female gender confirmation surgery

Background An estimated 1.4 million transgender individuals currently reside in the USA and this patient population is increasing on an annual basis (Am J Public Health 107: 1–8, 2017). Along with this census increase, there has also been an increasing number of gender confirmation surgeries being performed in the USA (American Society of Plastic Surgeons, 2016). Our primary objective was to study the effects of hormonal therapy on testicular volumetrics on transgender patients who underwent male-to-female (MtF) bottom gender confirmation surgery.