Marine towing line seismic exploration system and method

The present invention relates to the exploration field, and discloses a marine towing line seismic exploration system and method. The method comprises: arranging a plurality of cables, towed by a lead ship, of the marine towing line seismic exploration system to employ a broadband collection mode at the vertical direction relative to the sea level; and arranging one or more than one auxiliary energy source ships of the marine towing line seismic exploration system at the position of the middle position close to the outermost cable in the cables. A plurality of auxiliary energy source ships are arranged at the middle position close to the outermost cable in the cables to obtain richer wide-azimuth information compared to a traditional wide-azimuth collection design, namely about the same underground surface element, the information of adjacent quadrants can be obtained at the same time, and riches near and middle offset information so as to more facilitate imaging of a reflecting layer in the seismic collection.