A Novel Silk Fiber–Based Scaffold for Regeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Histological Results From a Study in Sheep

Background:Because of ongoing problems with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, new approaches in the treatment of ACL injuries, particularly strategies based on tissue engineering, have gained increasing research interest. To allow for ACL regeneration, a structured scaffold that provides a mechanical basis, has cells from different sources, and comprises mechanical as well as biological factors is needed. Biological materials, biodegradable polymers, and composite materials are being used and tested as scaffolds. The optimal scaffold for ACL regeneration should be biocompatible and biodegradable to allow tissue ingrowth but also needs to have the right mechanical properties to provide immediate mechanical stability.Hypotheses:The study hypotheses were that (1) a novel degradable silk fiber–based scaffold with mechanical properties similar to the native ACL will be able to initiate ligament regeneration after ACL resection and reconstruction under in vivo conditions and (2) additional cell s...