FES controlled ambulation with surface electrodes and no orthotics

The subject was a paralyzed T-7 spinal cord injured male. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) was delivered by means of two Respond II units, one attached bilaterally to the quadriceps femoris and the other placed bilaterally on the dorsiflexors of the foot. The electric muscle stimulator settings were set at 30 p.p.s. and 100% output, with a setting intensity of 8. The risetime was 2 s, and there was no falltime. The waveform was biphasic rectangular, and the approximate output was 100 mA. All settings were in the reciprocal mode. Over a period of four months, the subject progressed from walking one step with FES and no orthotics to walking up to 140 ft. >