Management of delayed-onset skin flap complications after pediatric cochlear implantation.

Purpose To review delayed-onset skin flap complications associated with pediatric cochlear implantation (CI) in our institute, analyze the etiology, and explore effective treatment strategies. Methods Retrospective analyses of 811 children who had undergone cochlear implantation between January 2003 and March 2019 were performed. Twelve (1.48%) patients developed skin flap complications after CI. We present a classification of flap issues and wound histopathology following cochlear implantation. The interventions for flap problems included drug treatment, aspiration, local wound care, revision surgery, and explantation depending on the clinical situation. The temporalis myofascial reconstructive option is discussed. Results Seven subjects were cured with conservative treatment. Five cases with flap infection or necrosis underwent revision surgery, with wound closure in three cases (60%) and revision surgery with explantation in the remaining two cases (40%). Explantation ultimately led to wound healing in all cases. They all achieved excellent performance through re-implantation. Conclusion Flap complications after CI are rare but treatable. Comprehensive treatments should be developed to achieve a stable and healed wound for CI.