Role of Genetic Factors in the Development of Congestive Heart Failure

The article reviews studies of gene polymorphisms effects on the phenotype and the prognostic value of the genotype determination in patients with congestive heart failure. The results of studies analyzing the impact of angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, β2-adrenoreceptor genes polymorphism on the development of hypertension, myocardial and carotid arteries damage, and congestive heart failure prognosis are surveyed. However, despite the large number of studies addressing the association of polymorphic markers of candidate genes and phenotype, no consensus on the impact of candidate genes on the major systems involved in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure has been achieved so far. Due to gene distribution variability in different populations, the studies of ethnic and geographical association of candidate genes with congestive heart failure development, as well as studies of phenotypic markers of the disease, are still relevant.