Hot issues in clinical management of premature infants

With the development of perinatal medicine and treatment levels of critical newborns, the survival rate of preterm infants has been improved rapidly. And clinical management processes of preterm infants have become increasingly standardized. However, there are still some controversies on the specific treatment plans, especially on treatment of extremely preterm infants (EPI) and cardiopulmonary diseases of preterm infants. In the process of diagnosis and treatment of premature diseases, clinicians should follow standardized guidelines for management, and repeatedly weigh the advantages and disadvantages based on the practical situations of preterm infants, and finally choose the most appropriate treatment for premature infants. This article will summarize the latest research progresses and existing problems of hot issues, such as treatment of EPI and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) of preterm infants, glucocorticoids for prevention and treatment of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and nitric oxide (NO) in treatment of preterm infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN), etc.. Key words: Ductus arteriosus, patent; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Hypertension, pulmonary; Glucocorticoids; Nitric oxide; Infant, premature; Infant, very low birth weight