Genetic Testing for Developmental Delay: Keep Searching for an Answer

A 6-year-old girl of Irish, English, and French ancestry was referred to a pediatric neurologist for evaluation of developmental delay. She presented with expressive language delay with disarticulation. She did not speak in phrases until age 3, and formal testing revealed a language equivalent of 3 years 4 months when she was 5 years 6 months old (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Preschool) and an IQ of 64 (Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence). Gross motor development was also delayed; she first walked at age 17–18 months. She never had any developmental regression. There was a family history of learning disability in her mother and a maternal uncle, and a maternal first cousin once removed was born with myelomeningocele. She was delivered at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy that was conceived by in vitro fertilization. At 10 days of age, she was diagnosed with atrioventricular (A-V)1 canal malformation and coarctation of the aorta. She underwent surgical repair of her coarctation at age 10 days and of her A-V canal defect at age 4 months. She had a bifid uvula, a finding often associated with presence of a submucous cleft palate. Modified barium swallow demonstrated a poorly coordinated swallow reflex leading to poor feeding and aspiration. As an infant, she had true vocal cord paralysis, believed to be a complication from intubation. She had gastroesophageal reflux disease, treated with ranitidine (Zantac), and was diagnosed with mild vesicoureteral reflux after a urinary tract infection at age 7 months. She has not had any episodes suggesting seizures or any features of autism other than language delay. Notable physical exam features include widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), bulbous nasal tip, high arched palate, and fifth finger clinodactyly. Her neurologist ordered an MRI that showed mild thinning of the corpus callosum with prominence of the …