Основные направления исследований вирусных болезней овощных культур в ФГБНУ ФНЦО (мониторинг, иммунитет, источники устойчивости)
2019
During the last decades there has been an increase in harmfulness of phytoviruses reflected in production loss and quality impairment of the cultivate crops is in NonChernozem belt. The principal reasons for this are cultivation of the varieties lacking adequate resistance to phytoviruses, unsupervised planting material and seed trading, and appearance of more aggressive new strains. At present selection of resistant varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops is still the most efficient method of viral disease control. Therefore identification and monitoring of propagation of viral pathogens of the vegetable crops and the search of the sources of resistance to commercially significant phytoviruses are the most urgent areas of our immunological research aimed on creation of parent material. The tasks of our phytopathological research included: identification and study of the properties of Moscow phytoviral isolates; comprehensive assessment of resistance and other commercially valuable characters of collection and selection vegetable crop material in FGBNU FSVC under conditions of artificial inoculation, challenging and natural infection background with the use of visual diagnostics, serological diagnostics, biotesting and electron microscopic methods. Monitoring of phytosanitary status of vegetable and ornamental crops, which was performed by the personnel of the Laboratory of Plant Immunity and Protection (2002-2018) has revealed the most harmful and economically significant viral pathogens. Key physical-chemical characteristics of Moscow viral isolates belonging to the genera Tobamovirus, Cucumovirus, Potyvirus, and Tospovirus were identified and demonstrated. The main symptoms caused by those isolates in indicator plants and in host plants under conditions of Moscow region have been described. Based on evaluation of collection and selection material of the vegetable crops the sources of resistance to viral pathogens exhibiting economically important characters have been identified. These specimens are incorporated into FGBNU FSVC program aimed on creation of high-productivity varieties of green bean meeting the current market requirements.
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