Interferon Regulates Expression of mda-6/WAF1/CIP1 and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Independently from p53 in B16 Murine Melanoma Cells

Abstract Interferons (IFNs) induce growth arrest and terminal differentiation through regulation of proliferative genes in a variety of cell types including tumor cells. Growth of melanoma cells is believed to be controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, mda-6/WAF1/CIP1 gene. IFNs affect the expression of WAF1 in several cell types, including human melanomas. In our earlier reports we demonstrated the antitumor and anticellular activities of different IFN-types on B16 murine melanoma cells. The present study aimed to demonstrate the involvement of mda-6/WAF1 and related cyclin-dependent kinases in antitumor action of different IFN-types in B16 melanoma cells. IFN-α has been proven to be a potent inducer of mda-6/WAF1, also inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases, such as cdc2- and cdk2-kinase. This induction is p53-independent. However, IFN-γ affects B16 cells differently, it induces p53 activity without inducing WAF1. The combination of IFN-α plus IFN-γ is additive rather than synergistic. Our data demonstrate differential effects of different IFNs on murine B16 melanoma cells which may have relevance in nonsurgical treatment of melanomas.