Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphocytopenia Associated with Evans’ Syndrome: A Case Report

Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a syndrome first defined in 1992 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) as “a documented absolute CD4 T lymphocyte count of less than 300 cells per cubic millimeter or of less than 20% of total T cells on more than one occasion, no evidence of infection on HIV testing and the absence of any defined immunodeficiency or therapy associated with depressed levels of CD4 T cells”. The clinical course, immunologic characteristics, CD4 T cell kinetics, long term outcome and prognosis of this syndrome remain poorly defined but it is widely accepted that ICL is a rare, heterogeneous syndrome, usually detected after the occurrence of an opportunistic infection in a person without known immunodeficiency or immunodepression although it can also be an incidental laboratory finding. Autoimmune phenomena are common in this syndrome. In this article, we reported a case diagnosed with an Evans’ syndrome and that fulfilled the CDCP definition of ICL.