Transduction of peptide analogs of the small heat shock–related protein HSP20 inhibits intimal hyperplasia

Abstract Background Human saphenous vein (HSV) is the autologous conduit of choice for peripheral vascular reconstructions. However, vasospasm can lead to early graft failure. The leading cause of delayed graft failure is intimal hyperplasia. Objective To develop a proteomic approach to prevent vein-graft spasm and intimal hyperplasia. Methods Biomimetic peptide analogs of the small heat shock–related protein HSP20, containing a protein transduction domain (PTD), a phosphorylated serine, and a sequence of HSP20 surrounding the phosphorylation site (PTD-pHSP20), or a scrambled sequence of the same amino acids surrounding the phosphorylation site (PTD-scHSP20) were synthesized. The peptides were used in muscle bath and organ culture experiments with human saphenous vein (HSV) segments. Cultured smooth muscle cell lines were used to determine the effect of the peptides on proliferation and migration. Results In HSV rings precontracted with norepinephrine, PTD-pHSP20 but not PTD-scHSP20 led to relaxation. There was no significant difference in smooth muscle cell proliferation in cells treated with PTD-pHSP20 compared with PTD-scHSP20. Treatment with PTD-pHSP20 significantly inhibited cellular migration compared with PTD-scHSP20. Control, untreated, and PTD-scHSP20–treated saphenous veins had significant increases in intimal thickness after culture. This intimal thickening was completely inhibited by treatment with PTD-pHSP20. Conclusions Protein transduction of biologically active motifs of HSP20 can affect pathologic and physiologic responses of HSV and represents a novel proteomic-based therapeutic approach.