Combinación de fertilización orgánica, inorgánica y hongos micorrízicos para mejorar calidad de los frutos de fresa (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)

espanolLa fresa Fragaria X ananassa Duch es importante en el mundo por su volumen de produccion comercial y sabor caracteristico. Sin embargo, factores ambientales y tecnologias de produccion, entre las que destacan los programas de fertilizacion mineral, afectan su calidad organoleptica y nutricional de forma significativa. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue encontrar una formula de fertilizacion organica/inorganica para incrementar el potencial de calidad organoleptica de frutos de fresa-mexicana cv. Zamorana. La hipotesis fue que los sistemas de fertilizacion organica o inorganica usados en la planta no afectan las caracteristicas de la calidad de frutos. Los tratamientos de fertilizacion fueron: Quimico, Quimico-Organico 1°, Organico 1°, Quimico-Organico 2°. Organico 2°, y Quimico-Micorriza 3°, aplicados cada uno en tres plantas en un diseno completo al azar con arreglo factorial 3 X 6. De las tres plantas se cosecharon frutos en estado ¾ Rojo, en los cuales se determino: contenido de N, P K y Ca, biomasa de fruto, solidos solubles totales (SST), Acidez Titulable (AT) y contenido de vitamina C; ademas se calculo el indice SST/AT. Los resultados se analizaron con ANDEVA y la prueba de comparacion de medias de Tukey (p0.05) con SAS 9.4. Los frutos con fertilizacion organica presentaron contenido mayor de N y P, ademas los SST y la relacion SST/AT fueron elevados, en comparacion a la fertilizacion inorganica. La fertilizacion inorganica combinada con micorrizas aumento la concentracion de K y Ca y tambien repercutio en la firmeza de los frutos. La combinacion quimica y organica favorecio tamano de fruto; en tanto que la AT y contenido de vitamina C no difirieron significativamente entre los tratamientos. EnglishThe strawberry Fragaria X ananassa Duch has a worldwide importance owing to its commercial production volume and characteristic taste. However, environmental factors and production technologies —most noteworthy, mineral fertilization programs— significantly affect its organoleptic and nutritional quality. The objective of this research was to find an organic/inorganic fertilization formula that increases the organoleptic quality potential of Mexican strawberry cv. Zamorana. The hypothesis was that the organic or inorganic fertilization systems used in the plant do not affect the characteristics of the fruit quality. The fertilization treatments were: Chemical, Chemical-Organic 1°, Organic 1°, Chemical-Organic 2°, Organic 2°, and Chemical-Mycorrhiza 3°; each treatment was applied in three plants in a completely randomized design with a 3 X 6 factorial arrangement. Fruits in ¾ red state were harvested from the three plants and in this fruits, the following characteristics were determined: N, P, K, and Ca content, fruit biomass, total soluble solids (SST), Titratable Acidity (AT) and vitamin C content; additionally, the SST/AT index was calculated. The results were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p0.05), using SAS 9.4. Fruits with organic fertilization had higher N and P content; in addition, the SST and the SST/AT ratio were higher than in inorganic fertilization. Inorganic fertilization combined with mycorrhizae increased the K and Ca concentration and also affected the firmness of the fruits. The chemical and organic combination contributed to increase the size of the fruit; meanwhile, the AT and vitamin C content were not significantly different between treatments.