Quantum reversible circuit of AES-128

An explicit quantum design of AES-128 is presented in this paper. The design is structured to utilize the lowest number of qubits. First, the main components of AES-128 are designed as quantum circuits and then combined to construct the quantum version of AES-128. Some of the most efficient approaches in classical hardware implementations are adopted to construct the circuits of the multiplier and multiplicative inverse in \({\mathbb {F}}_{2}[x]/(x^8+x^4+x^3+x+1)\). The results show that 928 qubits are sufficient to implement AES-128 as a quantum circuit. Moreover, to maintain the key uniqueness when the quantum AES-128 is employed as a Boolean function within a Black-box in other key searching quantum algorithms, a method with a cost of 930 qubits is also proposed.