Cryogenic thermometry : a review of progress since 1982

Abstract In 1970 and again in 1982, reviews were published which together covered progress in low-temperature thermometry during the 1960s, 1970s, and up until early 1982. The intent of this paper is to extend the review process through to the present. The 470-reference bibliography has been selected so as to concentrate on the temperature region between ≈ 0.3 K and ≈ 160 K. The topics covered include: temperature scales, fixed points, gas thermometry, vapour pressure thermometry, pressure measurement, resistance thermometry, junction device and other electronic thermometers, thermoelectric thermometry, other kinds of thermometry, effects of magnetic fields and other environmental conditions on thermometers, circuitry and systems for the measurement and control of temperature, and cryostats/refrigeration designs and methods.