Indication for antibiotic prescription among children attending primary healthcare services in rural Burkina Faso.

We evaluated diagnoses leading to antibiotic use for children <5 years in 48 government-run primary health facilities in Nouna District, Burkina Faso. Among 61,355 visits, 30,975 received an antibiotic (58% pneumonia). Diagnoses not requiring an antibiotic, including malaria, non-bloody diarrhea, and cough without pneumonia, contributed a minority of antibiotic prescriptions.