A rare case of primary leiomyosarcoma of thyroid in a young adult with literature review

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland (PLT) is an extremely rare neoplasm and still rarer is its occurrence in younger age group. It is one of the most aggressive malignancies with high metastasizing potential. They can be difficult to diagnose on histopathology and can mimic anaplastic or medullary thyroid carcinoma. Only 22 cases of PLT have been reported in the literature and the youngest patient was a 39 years old male. However we report a case of PLT in a 23 years male, being the youngest patient reported till date (23 rd in series). He presented with progressively increasing anterior neck swelling since two months and underwent total thyroidectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry showed features suggestive of leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland. Two months later, the tumour recurred at subglottis for which he underwent total laryngo-pharyngectomy followed by radiotherapy. Patient was on regular follow up for one and half year with no recurrence and lost to follow up later.