The Complexity of Prenatal Prognosis in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Clues to Clinical Heterogeneity

Background Accurate prenatal counseling impacts obstetrical and neonatal care of fetuses diagnosed with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). Numerous prenatal imaging features such as liver herniation (LH), total lung volume (TLV), observed/expected Lung-to-Head ratio (O/E LHR), and percent predicted lung volume (PPLV) have been independently shown to predict outcomes. In an era of standardized treatment for neonates with CDH and with technological advancements in prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, we …