Wi-Fi-Based Mask-Type Laryngoscope for Telediagnosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Instrument Validation Study.

BACKGROUND Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing has become mandatory. Wireless endoscopy in contactless examinations promises to protect healthcare workers and reduce viral spread. OBJECTIVE This study introduces a contactless endoscopic diagnosis system using a wireless endoscope resembling a mask. METHODS The Wi-Fi-based contactless mask endoscopy system comprises a disposable endoscope and a controller. First, the effective force applied by the tip during insertion was evaluated in a simple transoral model consisting of a force sensor on a simulated oropharynx wall. Second, the delay in video streaming was evaluated by comparing the frame rate and delays between a movement and its image over direct and Wi-Fi connections. Third, the system was applied to a detailed laryngopharyngeal tract phantom. RESULTS The smartphone-controlled wireless endoscopy system was successfully demonstrated. Mean, maximum, and minimum collision forces against the wall of the transoral model were 30.2 gf, 37 gf, and 24 gf, respectively. The delay resulting from the wireless connection was 0.72 seconds. Using the phantom, an inexperienced user took around 1 minute to orient the endoscope to a desired area via the application. CONCLUSIONS Device articulation does not pose a significant laryngopharyngeal wall penetration risk, nor does latency significantly impede its use. Contactless wireless video streaming was successful within access point range regardless of the presence of walls. The mask endoscope is controlled and articulated wirelessly, minimizing contact between patients and device operators. By minimizing contact, the device can protect healthcare workers from infectious viruses like COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL