Características clínicas, electrocardiográficas y ecocardiográficas de la cardiomiopatía chagásica en la población santandereana

Background: Chagas’ disease (CD) is a parasitic infection caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi. In Latin America the disease is endemic and Chagas’ cardiomyopathy(CCM) is the main clinical presentation of CD in Colombia. This article describes the main clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic characteristics of the CCM in Santander, Colombia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of patients of ages between 18 and 80 years, from the Department of Santander, Colombia, with positive serology for T. cruzi, and symptoms of non-terminal heart failure was performed. Physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram and 2D echocardiogram were carried out. Results: The study included 62 women and 57 men, mean age 58.5±10.7 years. Hypertension (49.6%), pacemaker implantation (8.4%) and dyslipidemia (7.6%) were the most frequent antecedents. Left ventricular hypertrophy was seen in 34.3% of the subjects and it was associated to abnormalities in re-polarization. Right bundle branch block was determined in 11.8% of the subjects. Mitral insufficiency was identified by echocardiogram in 61.5% of the participants. None of these variables were associated with a worse functional class state. Discussion: The electrocardiographic characteristics in patients with CCM in Colombia seem to have a different behaviour according to the regions, and for Santander the most frequent findings were left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormalities in repolarization and right bundle branch block. Early interventions on this group of patients are necessary in order to reduce the social and economic impact associated to the CCM.