Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection in Shahid Beheshti University Hospitals During 2016-2017

Background and Aim: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common and important childhood diseases that may lead to complications such as acute pyelonephritis, renal scaring, and renal failure if not diagnosed and treated properly. The antibiotic resistance rate has increased recently because of unnecessary antibiotic consumption. In order to prescribe an appropriate drug as empirical therapy, it is necessary to know the prevalence of pathogens causing UTI and their antibiotic resistance rate in the community. Therefore, this study was conducted to present an appropriate guideline for UTI empirical therapy through evaluating the rate of antibiotic resistance in a sample of hospitalized patients suffering from UTI. Methods: This retrospective descriptive analytical study was conducted in 130 children with UTI whose medical records included antibiogram results in hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University during 2016-2017. Results: Of 130 patients, 73.07% were girls and 26.92% were boys. About 50% of the patients were under one-year-old, 33.07% were 1-3 years old, and 16.15% were over 3 years old. The detected pathogens were E. coli in 63.07%, Enterococcus in 14.61%, Klebsiella in 13.07%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.38%, and Enterobacter in 3.84%. Conclusion: Based on the data of the present study, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and first-generation cephalosporins are not appropriate for UTI empirical therapy. Keywords: Antibiogram; Antibiotic resistance; Urinary tract infection.