Vandal, Byzantine and Arab rural landscapes in North Africa.
2004
In this chapter we shall discuss a range of evidence pertaining to late antique
landscapes and land-use in North Africa. The focus will be on the
transformation of the rural landscape from the late Roman to the Vandal,
Byzantine and, when possible, Arab periods, and on the provinces of
Zeugitana, Byzacena and Tripolitania (modern Tunisia and northern Libya).
(For a general description of the landscape organisation in Roman times see
Leveau et al., 1993: 155-200.) Our analysis is based on published data from
field surveys, historical and epigraphical sources, and data related to ceramic
production, botanical and faunal evidence. Yet these data are far from perfect.
In addition to a general dearth of excavated rural sites, two main limits must
be stressed: the lack of homogeneity of the data, deriving from different
projects with diverse methodologies; and a similar unevenness of knowledge
of the material culture used to date the phases of activity.
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