Movement goals encoded within the cortex and muscle synergies to reduce redundancy pre and post-stroke. The relevance for gait rehabilitation and the prescription of walking-aids. A literature review and scholarly discussion

ABSTRACTCurrent knowledge of neural and neuromuscular processes controlling gait and movement as well as an understanding of how these mechanisms change following stroke is an important basis for the development of effective rehabilitation interventions. To support the translation of findings from basic research into useful treatments in clinical practice, up-to-date neuroscience should be presented in forms accessible to all members of the multidisciplinary team. In this review we discuss aspects of cortical control of gait and movement, muscle synergies as a way of translating cortical commands into specific muscle activity and as an efficient means of reducing neural and musculoskeletal redundancy. We discuss how these mechanisms change following stroke, potential consequences for gait rehabilitation, and the prescription and use of walking-aids as well as areas requiring further research.