Bio-Ethanol production from syngas-derived biomass: A review

Abstract The biomass is one of the best renewable energy sources for extracting syngas which is used for bio ethanol production. As compared to other renewable sources such as solar, wind and hydro, biomass gives CO2 and H2 which is mainly used for bio ethanol production. The thermo chemical and biological methods are two different conversion technology available for bio ethanol production. The major steps involved in entire process are syngas extraction from biomass, syngas cleaning and fermentation of syngas using microorganism and various type of reactor under specified condition of temperature, pressure and pH. The optimum temperature range for mesophilic microorganisms are 37 to 40 °C while for thermophilic microorganism it ranges 55 to 80 °C. The microorganisms of clostridium family are giving good yield of bio ethanol. The hybrid platform for gasification syngas fermentation can produce more bio-ethanol by using biomass components as compared to the biochemical conversion routes. The use of hybrid system for syngas fermentation process will takes place at mild temperature and pressures. It also avoids the use of expensive pre-treatment process and enzymes. The entire study concludes the possible routes for bio ethanol production from syngas using fermentation technology.