Compliance of secondary prevention strategies in coronary artery disease patients with and without diabetes mellitus – A cross-sectional analytical survey from Kerala, India

Context There is limited data related to compliance of secondary prevention strategies for coronary artery diseases (CAD) among patients with and without diabetes. Objectives The objective was to compare compliance to secondary prevention strategies for CAD including smoking cessation, weight management, blood pressure (BP) control, Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol control and adequate physical activity between patients with and without diabetes. Settings and Design This is a hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study. Methods and Materials The study questionnaire was used to collect data through interviews of CAD patients. Compliance to secondary prevention strategies was documented using European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Statistical Analysis We used modified Poisson model to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (Adj. PR) for estimating compliance. Results Among 1,206 participants with CAD, 609 (50.5%) had diabetes. The Adj. PR s for three targets - smoking cessation (Adj. PR 1.01, 95% CI 0.97, 1.06, P 0.50), ideal BMI (Adj. PR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92, 1.09, P 0.99) and adequate physical activity (Adj. PR 1.12, 95% CI 0.97, 1.29, P 0.12) showed no significant difference between the groups. There was poor BP control in patients with diabetes compared to those without the same (Adj. PR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15, 0.23, P < 0.0001). LDL cholesterol control was better in patients with diabetes in comparison to those without the same (Adj. PR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08, 1.31, P 0.0005). Conclusion The compliance for secondary prevention of CAD among patients with diabetes is similar to those without diabetes except for poor control of hypertension and better control of LDL cholesterol.