Cancer in renal transplant patients

Abstract Cancer is a known and feared complication of renal transplantation. Skin cancers and lymphomas are the most common types, but any type of cancer can occur. Use of cancer chemotherapy poses immediate problems of possible nephrotoxicity. Reduction in number and or dose of immunosuppressive medications may precipitate renal transplant rejection. Screening for common cancers is advised by specialty organizations, but the evidence base for screening is lacking. Newer cancer treatments, such as checkpoint inhibitors, will add to the clinical challenges of cancer that occurs after renal transplantation.