Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium on voided urine cytology: a case report with radiologic correlation.

BACKGROUND: Infection with schistosomal species is becoming a more frequent finding in hospitals throughout the United States. Some causes that can be attributed to the rise include increased immigration from and travel to endemic areas. CASE: We report a case of urinary schistosomiasis diagnosed on urine cytology in a 7-year-old Nigerian boy. Infection was suspected after review of the clinical history and correlation with radiologic images. CONCLUSION: The rise in incidence has made it necessary for cytopathologists to be increasingly aware of these infections, in particular, Schistosoma haematobium, because it is the most frequent agent to be encountered on a cytology specimen, particularly urine. Similar cases have been published, one with specimen concentration and one without. However, no cases of cytology diagnosis with radiologic correlation are seen in the English literature.