Noninvasive methods for detection of valve vegetations in infective endocarditis

Abstract To determine the optimal noninvasive method for the demonstration of endocarditic vegetations, 35 consecutive episodes of clinically diagnosed endocarditis in 33 patients were studied with M mode and two dimensional echocardiography, and with gallium-67 citrate and technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate cardiac scanning. Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of endocarditis were: temperature higher than 38 ° C; sustained bacteremia with at least three positive blood cultures; no extracardiac focus of bacteremia; and known underlying heart disease, a new or changing murmur or a history of intravenous drug abuse with radiologic evidence of septic pulmonary emboli. M mode echocardiography detected 18 vegetations in 17 of the 35 episodes of endocarditis studied (49 percent positive); two dimensional echocardiography detected 30 vegetations in 28 of the 35 episodes studied (80 percent positive). In contrast, no vegetations were detected with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate scanning, and only two gallium-67 citrate scans were positive. The advantage of the two dimensional echocardiographic technique over all others tested was particularly notable for the identification of aortic and tricuspid valve vegetations.