Predicting the mortality of necrotizing fasciitis with blood pressure and white blood cell count

Aim Even with modern care, necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening emergency disease. The present study attempts to identify simple clinical admission characteristics or laboratory tests to differentiate between high- and low-mortality risk groups in patients with NF. Patients and Methods The records of 272 patients who received debridement were reviewed. The χ 2-test (or the Mann–Whitney U-test) and C4.5 decision tree were utilized to analyse 23 clinical characteristics and laboratory tests. The main outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Results The overall mortality rate was 17 per cent. Three independent predictors of mortality – white blood cell (WBC) count; left shift in the differential WBC count, with an increase in immature neutrophils (band form); and hypotension – were determined using the C4.5 decision tree. From these predictors, a decision tree was produced to classify patients with NF into high- and low-mortality risk groups. The accuracy of the C4.5 decision tree with cross-validation was 84.2 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval: 80.3–88.1 per cent). Conclusion Using routine blood pressure measurements and simple laboratory tests of WBC count and differentials, clinicians can rapidly identify patients with high-mortality risk.