Introduction to COVID-19

An association between the wholesale market of Wuhan and the coronavirus was reported in primary reported cases. And the possible source of this virus in that market was supposed to be the bat. These coronaviruses (beta viruses) can infect humans, farm animals, pets, laboratory experimental model animals, bats, whales, and other wild animals, whereas other gamma and delta viruses can cause infections in pigs, other mammals, aquatic animals like fish, and poultry birds. China, which is considered as the land of origin of this pandemic, is expected to recover faster than other countries like Europe and America. Other countries which will be more affected by long periods of social distancing are dependent on the tourism and automobile industries. It was stated by the WHO that animal pets are safe from corona, but recently they admitted that they can be infected but it is not clear that they can spread disease. Currently, we do not know about origin, detailed binding receptors of host, and natural hosts, as the theory of this virus as bat origin is still not confirmed. Against viral protein, antibodies were produced by insertion of SARS-CoV-2 in inactive form in selected animal models (rats, mice, and monkey). After different studies, it was suggested that ferrets and cats are susceptible and can tolerate SARS-CoV-2, although it is also of concern to the coronavirus studies that mouse and some other animals may hide the clinical signs or mimic COVID infection. But the genetic diversity is also linked that may guide toward wrong interpretation between the results of primate and non- primate animals. Researchers suggest humanized animals may be good models for the study of organs and tissues of human in coronavirus infection studies. Nonhuman primate animals will be best suitable model animals for studying load of disease, testing vaccines and effectiveness of antiviral drugs before starting a speedy arrangement and production of vaccines for human. So we can say that continuous experiments on animal models from mice to cat, dogs, and primates will help in the establishment of data best suited for answering many problems about coronavirus (COVID-19).