Creation of complex nano-interferometric field structures

With dual two-dimensional Airy-like waveforms, we demonstrate the creation of highly confined electromagnetic fields in the transverse plane and circular or elliptical propagation trajectories in the longitudinal plane by using specially designed Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phases. Applying the Richards and Wolf vectorial diffraction methods, the explicit expressions are obtained to calculate the strength vectors and energy flux of the three-dimensional electromagnetic fields. Calculations reveal that the nano-interferometric structures of such highly confined fields highly depend on the indexes ${\gamma _1}$γ1 and ${\gamma _2}$γ2 determining the PB phase, thereby enabling the engineering of highly confined fields with tunable size, spacing, and propagation trajectories.