Functional D-box sequences reset the circadian clock and drive mRNA rhythms

The circadian clock drives gene expression rhythms, leading to daily changes in physiology and behavior. In mammals, Albumin D-site-Binding Protein (DBP) rhythmically activates transcription of various genes through a DNA cis-element, D-box. The DBP-dependent transactivation is repressed by competitive binding of E4BP4 to the D-box. Despite the elaborate regulation, physiological roles of the D-box in the circadian clockwork are still elusive. Here we identified 1490 genomic regions recognized commonly by DBP and E4BP4 in the mouse liver. We comprehensively defined functional D-box sequences using an improved bioinformatics method, MOCCS2. In RNA-Seq analysis of E4bp4-knockout and wild type liver, we showed the importance of E4BP4-mediated circadian repression in gene expression rhythms. In addition to the circadian control, we found that environmental stimuli caused acute induction of E4BP4 protein, evoking phase-dependent phase shifts of cellular circadian rhythms and resetting the clock. Collectively, D-box-mediated transcriptional regulation plays pivotal roles in input and output in the circadian clock system. Hikari Yoshitane, Yoshimasa Asano et al. investigate role of the D-box genomic element in the circadian clockwork and identify 1490 D-box-containing regions that are bound by DBP and E4BP4 in the mouse liver. Using mice lacking liver expression of E4bp4, they demonstrate the importance of the D-box element for mediating environmental input response and resetting the circadian clock.