Promotion of metastasis by surgical excision of the primary tumor reflects changes in the lung immune microenvironment

Background: Surgery-accelerated metastasis is enhanced metastatic disease following surgical resection. We have previously shown that surgery-accelerated metastasis is mitigated through macrophage inhibition in a model of adolescent osteosarcoma (OS). We examine whether changes in immune cell-types perioperatively explain this effect. Methods: OS cells were implanted into tibias of BALB/c mice. One-week post-implantation mice were assigned to groups: Non-operative …