Sod–Livestock Integration into the Peanut–Cotton Rotation

Contemporary thinking encourages diversified cropping systems as a way to sustain crop yields, protect the environment, and increase wildlife habitat. This paper reviews the benefits of diversifying the traditional peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production system to include perennial grasses such as bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and incorporating cattle (Bos taunts) into the system. Perennial grasses improve soil quality by reducing soil erosion and nitrate (NO 3 ) leaching, increasing organic matter (OM) content, water infiltration rates, and the abundance and diversity of micro and macro flora and fauna. Cotton and peanut grown after perennial grasses are deeper rooted, have more vigorous growth, can better withstand pest pressure and environmental stresses, and often have higher yields. Induding livestock in the cropping system makes more efficient use of climate and farm resources by extending the period of productive plant growth, improving economic returns, and reducing risk by diversifying the products available for sale.